Commonly used single-bucket loaders are classified according to engine power, transmission type, running gear structure, and loading method.
1. Engine Power:
① Engine power less than 74 kW: Small loaders.
② Engine power between 74 and 147 kW: Medium loaders.
③ Engine power between 147 and 515 kW: Large loaders.
④ Engine power greater than 515 kW: Extra-large loaders.
2. Transmission Type:
① Hydraulic-mechanical transmission: Low impact and vibration, long service life of transmission components, easy operation, automatic adjustment between vehicle speed and load; generally used in medium and large loaders.
② Hydraulic transmission: Stepless speed regulation, easy operation, but poor starting performance; generally used only in small loaders.
③ Electric transmission: Stepless speed regulation, reliable operation, simple maintenance, higher cost; generally used in large loaders.
3. Walking Structure:
① Tire-mounted: Lightweight, high speed, maneuverable, efficient, less prone to road damage, high ground pressure, poor passability, but widely used;
② Tracked: Low ground pressure, good passability, low center of gravity, good stability, strong adhesion, high traction, high specific cutting force, low speed, relatively poor maneuverability, high cost, prone to road damage during movement.
4. Loading and Unloading Methods:
① Front-discharge type: Simple structure, reliable operation, good visibility, suitable for various work sites, widely used;
② Rotary type: The working device is mounted on a turntable that can rotate 360°, side unloading does not require turning around, high operating efficiency, but complex structure, large weight, high cost, poor lateral stability, suitable for relatively narrow spaces;
③ Rear-discharge type: Front loading, rear unloading, high operating efficiency, poor operating safety.
